tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41731414739726938702024-03-14T18:32:38.181+08:00Hokkien language in Hong KongLanguage choice, attitude and maintenance of Hong Kong Hokkein community across generations.Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-11934109256592411992012-05-01T14:16:00.000+08:002012-05-03T02:18:02.300+08:00How can I learn Hokkien in Hong Kong?If you want to learn Hokkien for business purposes, communication purposes or just for fun in Hong Kong, how and where can you learn it?<br />
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Here are some channels that we recommend:<br />
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<strong><u>Hokkien courses</u></strong><br />
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Currently, there are 3 institutes in Hong Kong offering Hokkien courses.<br />
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The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions - Spare-time Study Services<br />
The HKFTU provides Hokkien courses at <a href="http://www.hkftustsc.org/stsc12.htm" target="_blank">beginner's level</a>, <a href="http://www.hkftustsc.org/stsc12.htm" target="_blank">intermediate level</a>, <a href="http://www.hkftustsc.org/stsc12.htm" target="_blank">advanced level</a> and an <a href="http://www.hkftustsc.org/stsc12.htm" target="_blank">extension course</a>.<br />
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HKUSpace - <a href="http://hkuspace.hku.hk/cht/prog/basic-minnanhua#general-information" target="_blank">Basic Minnanhua</a><br />
This course focuses on the use of Hokkien in Taiwan context.<br />
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Hong Kong Baptist University - School of Continuing Education<br />
It provides a Hokkien language course called <a href="http://www.sce.hkbu.edu.hk/future-students/part-time/short-courses-regular.php?code=DLT1148" target="_blank">Learning Fukenese for Fun</a> for interested public.<br />
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<strong><u>Online</u></strong><br />
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Another method is to go online to learn Hokkien, there are many resources that you can access to at Taiwan official language websites.<br />
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<a href="http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index.html" target="_blank">Taiwanese Hokkien Online Dictionary</a><br />
Compiled by Taiwanese Ministry of Education, visitors can look up common Hokkien words and get to know their pronunciation.<br />
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<a href="http://www.edu.tw/mandr/index.aspx" target="_blank">Taiwan National Languages Committee</a><br />
You can get the most updated language situation in Taiwan, including Hokkien (of course!) and many other indigenous languages in Taiwan. You can also download the Hokkien computer input method from <a href="http://www.edu.tw/mandr/download.aspx?download_sn=3015&pages=0&site_content_sn=3364" target="_blank">this page</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://www.fyan8.com/qita/fuzhouhua.htm" target="_blank">福州话学习网</a><br />
There are two online lectures teaching Hokkien vocabulary and some daily conversation, e.g. greetings.<br />
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<strong><u>Apps</u></strong><br />
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Want to learn Hokkien with your smart phone? Here are some interesting apps that allow you to learn Hokkien in a funny way.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://a2.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/058/Purple/46/e0/75/mzl.pqehapov.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://a2.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/058/Purple/46/e0/75/mzl.pqehapov.320x480-75.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://itunes.apple.com/ne/app/yong-bo-tai-yu/id440719509?mt=8" target="_blank">勇伯台語</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://a4.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/113/Purple/2b/2f/c6/mzl.viqtrpxi.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://a4.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/113/Purple/2b/2f/c6/mzl.viqtrpxi.320x480-75.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://itunes.apple.com/ne/app/tai-wei-shi-zu/id418311960?mt=8" target="_blank">台味十足</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://a2.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/091/Purple/67/b6/fa/mzl.khgthall.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://a2.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/091/Purple/67/b6/fa/mzl.khgthall.320x480-75.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://itunes.apple.com/ne/app/yong-bo-dai-zui/id482504729?mt=8" target="_blank">勇伯歹嘴</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://a5.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/062/Purple/3a/a6/66/mzl.nbqlvjjs.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://a5.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/062/Purple/3a/a6/66/mzl.nbqlvjjs.320x480-75.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://itunes.apple.com/ne/app/taiwanese-fruit/id472243921?mt=8" target="_blank">Taiwanese Fruit</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />There are many more apps that make learning Hokkien interesting!Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-47816503810244845692012-04-30T16:31:00.002+08:002012-04-30T18:08:55.631+08:00Use of Hokkien in political context<div>
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Given that there are more than a million citizens of Fujian origin (as mentioned in <a href="http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20120111/00176_103.html?pubdate=20120111">Oriental Daily</a>), gaining support from Fujianeses is essential for politicians. The following news report pointed out how influential Fujianeses are in the Eastern District. (from 1:44)<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/OeLKcar0coc" width="560"></iframe>
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Who would pop up in your mind when it comes to famous Fujianese in Hong Kong? I guess<br />
Choy
So-yuk is a possible answer. Choy , who was born in Jinjiang, Fujian,
was a Member of Legislative Council as the representative for Hong
Kong Island constituency from 2000 to 2008. Currently, she is an
elected member of Eastern District Council(Eastern district is largely
populated with Fujianeses). She has so many Fujianese supporters that
the<a href="http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20120111/00176_103.html?pubdate=20120111"> press</a> jokingly said that she was the spokesperson of Fujianese.Choy demostrated how to gain support from them. In the following clip. In her election campaign four years ago, she urged people to vote for her in Hokkien. The use of Hokkien reinforced her identidy as a Fujianese. By doing so, she affliated with other Fujianeses in Hong Kong<br />
. </div>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/fR3MyOfomzU" width="420"></iframe>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-18351546678245865602012-04-28T00:53:00.001+08:002012-04-28T01:05:27.554+08:00Taiwan Pop songs in Hokkien!Hokkien has always been considered as a language of the hillbillies. Proficient speakers of Hokkien are usually aborigines or come from Southern Taiwan where is normally seen as less developed region than Northern Taiwan. In recent decades, Hokkien has gradually transformed to be a family language, younger generation's proficiency in Hokkien declined. Mandarin speakers with traces of Hokkien accent were thought to have low education level. However, in recent years, it becomes fashionable to incorporate Hokkien lyrics with pop music. Some of the very popular groups and singers not only sing, but also rap in Hokkien.<br />
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Here presents some of our picks!<br />
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蘇打綠 - 無眠 (Soda Green - No Sleep) - A Hokkien love song<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/qXv7POo5MNI?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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S.H.E. - 我愛雨夜花 - S.H.E. raps in Hokkien<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/nDdGUuWxXGE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Pop culture is often effective in promotion of minority languages and dialects. It is especially useful in promoting the languages among younger generation. As Hong Kong youngster pay quite a lot attention to Taiwan pop culture, these pop Hokkien songs help increase the popularity of Hokkien in Hong Kong community. Teenagers actually learn the songs in order to sing them in karaoke!Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-53102616648902332692012-04-25T16:45:00.000+08:002012-04-26T09:21:25.663+08:00The most famous Hokkien song!<b>Ah Fat</b> does not remember many Hokkien words. When asked how he picked up Hokkien words, he said he sometimes listened to Hokkien songs, which his uncle enjoyed at home. Ah Fat found Hokkien songs encouraging and sometimes reflects social issues. Now, let's have a taste of it!<br />
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One of the most famous Hokkien songs is <span style="color: #cc0000;">愛拼才會嬴(Strive to Thrive)</span><br />
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The original version<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/IFuhGAvcoXI" width="420"></iframe>
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By a Hong Kong singer, Eason Chan<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/nbyF4pZFzkQ" width="420"></iframe>
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By a westerner, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/honglaowai">紅老外</a> (he did a nice job!)<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Rq6SP9YxBGQ" width="420"></iframe>
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Hokkien lyrics(<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%8B%9A%E6%89%8D%E6%9C%83%E8%B4%8F">Source</a>)<br />
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
一時失志毋免怨嘆 一時落魄毋免膽寒<br />
那通失去希望 每日醉茫茫 無魂有體親像稻草人<br />
人生可比是海上的波浪 有時起 有時落<br />
好運 歹運 總嘛要照起工來行<br />
三分天註定 七分靠打拚 愛拚才會贏</div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal;">Mandarian translation</span><span style="background-color: transparent;">(</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%8B%9A%E6%89%8D%E6%9C%83%E8%B4%8F" style="background-color: transparent;">Source</a><span style="background-color: transparent;">)</span></span><br />
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一時失志不必埋怨,一時落魄不必灰心;</div>
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怎麼能失去希望,就每天醉醺醺,魂不附體像個稻草人;</div>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
人生可比是海上的波浪,有時起,有時落;</div>
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好運,壞運,總是要按照規矩來做;</div>
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三成天註定,七成靠努力,要奮鬥才會成功!</div>
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<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
English translation</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />Never complain about failures, or be discouraged by adversity<br />How can you lose your faith and be drunk all day, as if an absent-minded strawman?<br />Life is like wave in the sea, sometimes it is up, and sometimes it is down<br />No matter you are getting good luck or bad luck, you have to follow the rules<br />Success is thirty percent destiny and seventy percent diligence<br />Strive to thrive!</span></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-38591719982588536342012-04-23T22:27:00.000+08:002012-05-03T02:18:22.229+08:00"Little Fujian" in Hong Kong<br />
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<img align="middle" alt="Chung Yeung Street in North Point" data-mce-src="http://www.liukang.org.hk/images/4915.jpg" height="358" src="http://www.liukang.org.hk/images/4915.jpg" style="border-image: initial; border-width: 0px;" width="640" /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #351c75; font-size: large;">North Point</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>was once the <b><span style="color: #e06666;">“Little Shanghai”</span></b> in Hong Kong, but it was called <span style="color: #a64d79;"><b>“Little Fujian”</b></span> when the Hokkien-Indonesian sugar trader “Kwok Chun-yeung” invested in North Point to carry out reclamation projects and built many residential buildings in the area. Driven by the success of the previous generation in South-east Asia region, many Hokkiens moved to Hong Kong to pursue a better living. Eventually they gathered around Chun Yeung Street in North Point, which named after the Hokkien pioneer trader.</div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Chun Yeung Street</b></span><span style="font-family: "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> i</span><span style="font-family: "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s a famous wet market in Hong Kong for its attractive price and the freshness of its goods. At Chun Yeung Street, stall owners actually bargain with their customers in Hokkien, and amongst the stall owners, they also communicate in Hokkien. Being able to speak Hokkien seems to be a requirement for stall owners. There are stalls and restaurant selling traditional Hokkien cuisines and ingredients that are not easily seen in other markets in Hong Kong.</span></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-65633041658764754242012-04-23T00:49:00.004+08:002012-05-01T23:45:50.692+08:00Interview with 3 generations of Hokkien speakers in Hong Kong<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">Interviews<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">In order to understand
the usage of Hokkien in Hong Kong context, we have interviewed </span><span lang="EN-US">three members of a </span><span lang="EN-US">Hokkien family</span><span lang="EN-US">, <span style="background-color: #e06666;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">Grandma, Mrs. Chan and Sonic,</span></span> </span><span lang="EN-US">wh</span><span lang="EN-US">o</span><span lang="EN-US"> ha</span><span lang="EN-US">ve</span><span lang="EN-US"> settled in Hong Kong for</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">32 years, as well as 2<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>two post-80s guys<span lang="EN-US">, <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #e06666; color: white;">Joe</span><span style="color: #e06666;"> </span></span>and <span style="background-color: #e06666;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">Ah Fat</span></span>,</span><span lang="EN-US"> from Hokkien famil</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ies. By comparing their
responses in the interview, we can investigate the views and options of Hokkien
community in language usage in Hong Kong.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiKNguy9fgbULwEqUcTCzDa3djDV5Spg5mNRgXAwp_6I-dOGwwLFG2cwsz3s3-kh6NvM_KNrvZbzj24-ctzNjSUjiz2j4_S6bUJgfQjVqQkyAOoxtTk3JDxl9hyphenhyphen00RAQ2Jk-65XHTGl6U/s1600/IMG-20120411-WA0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiKNguy9fgbULwEqUcTCzDa3djDV5Spg5mNRgXAwp_6I-dOGwwLFG2cwsz3s3-kh6NvM_KNrvZbzj24-ctzNjSUjiz2j4_S6bUJgfQjVqQkyAOoxtTk3JDxl9hyphenhyphen00RAQ2Jk-65XHTGl6U/s320/IMG-20120411-WA0001.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Sonic(left), Grandma (middle), Mandy (right)</span> </td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Background
information</span>:</span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Generation<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1st<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2nd<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3rd<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Name</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Grandma</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: double windowtext 4.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.1pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Ah Fat</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 4.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Mrs. Chan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 4.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 4.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Sonic</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 4.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 4.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Joe</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Age<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">71-80<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 44.45pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21-30<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">41-50<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21-30<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21-30<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Profession<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Housewife<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 44.45pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Partner of tutorial
center<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Housewife<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Student<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Student<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: -1.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Birthplace<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Fujian</span></st1:state></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 44.45pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Fujian</span></st1:state></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Fujian</span></st1:state></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><st1:place w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Hong Kong</span></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><st1:place w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Hong Kong</span></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: -1.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">No. of years staying in HK<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 44.45pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">12 years<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">(moved to HK in 10)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Since born<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Since born<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: -1.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Educational level<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">No schooling<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 44.45pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Secondary School<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.15pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Secondary School<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.0pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 58.65pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Mother tongue</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">[1]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.6pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">H, M<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">H<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">H,M<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">H,C<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">Other languages acquired</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;">[1]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C, E, M<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">M,E,S<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">E</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">, M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]
Index: H-Hokkien, M-Mandarin, C-Cantonese, E-English, S-Spanish</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Results:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>Now,</b></span>let’s
look at the results on <b> </b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>language choice</b></span> in different domains.</div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;">"I speak Hokkien to Hokkien people, Cantonese to Canton people in Hong Kong"</span></i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #6aa84f;"><i>-Grandma</i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">For</span> <span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>Grandma</b></u></span><span lang="EN-US">, the <i>first generation</i> of Hokkien immigrants to Hong Kong, she still
adopts her traditional dialect in her daily speech. As she is living in a
Hokkien community, which is in Hung Hom, many of her neighborhoods are able to
speak Hokkien. Therefore, she has no problem to keep up her dialect every
day in Hong Kong. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><i>"Nobody speaks Hokkien in my neighborhood, neither do my children speak it."</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: inherit;"><i>-Mrs. Chan</i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The situation
is slightly different when it comes to the second generation. <span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>Mrs. Chan</b></u></span> moved
to Hong Kong from Fujian 25 years ago. Isolated from the Hokkien-speaking
community, she starts to learn Cantonese and use it in her daily life more than
the dialect as she has to integrate with the local, the Cantonese speakers.
Except to her mother-in-law, husband, relatives and 2 elder daughters, she
almost has no chances to speak her local tongue. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqCetXG-X6UaNIAz2z58SdePYC_NjopJZrwpmZMeYdvFtlfTTsHPoFenY4q4OBtaEK_coS8yfCwhEb4i-7vyeYYjtB9N9gTswf8h9EtLD_a_QC2K0SEiTEQzCi3CLxoATsfECokZGnHpI/s1600/Joe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqCetXG-X6UaNIAz2z58SdePYC_NjopJZrwpmZMeYdvFtlfTTsHPoFenY4q4OBtaEK_coS8yfCwhEb4i-7vyeYYjtB9N9gTswf8h9EtLD_a_QC2K0SEiTEQzCi3CLxoATsfECokZGnHpI/s400/Joe.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo after interview: (Right) Mandy, (Center) Joe, (Left) Yuffie</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">The results of the 3<sup>rd </sup>generation
are not surprised. No matter where they were born and raised, once they have
settled in Hong Kong, Cantonese would be the only language choice for them in
many occasions. Meanwhile, they also acquire to speak English and Mandarin as
they receive schooling in Hong Kong. As the educational level of the post-80s gets higher in this day and age, Sonic, one of the interviewees, even study one more language - Spanish as her major in the university. It shows that the third generation of Hokkien community is transforming into more globalized in respect of language choices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-50236594576938885652012-04-22T22:24:00.001+08:002012-04-25T18:38:20.127+08:00History of Hokkien language<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h2>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;">History of Hokkien language</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Hokkien is a dialect belongs to the Minnan Chinese, one of the eight major Chinese Han languages. Throughout the years, academics have posed different views towards the origins of this dialect. It has been told that Hokkien was originated from </span><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><em><strong>Baiyueyu (</strong></em><em><strong>百越語</strong></em><em><strong>)</strong></em></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> , </span><span style="color: #ea9999;"><em><strong>Gushangyu (</strong></em><em><strong>古商語</strong></em>)</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, </span><span style="color: #8e7cc3; font-size: x-small;"><em><strong>Official language in Tang dynasty (</strong></em><em><strong>唐朝官話</strong></em><em><strong>)</strong></em></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #8e7cc3;"> </span>and</span><span style="color: #f1c232;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>Hok lok (</em></strong><strong><em>河洛語</em></strong><strong><em>)</em></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">. Nevertheless, it is commonly seen as a hybrid of<span style="color: #a64d79;"> </span></span><em><strong><span style="color: #a64d79; font-size: large;">Quanzhou dialect(泉州語</span></strong></em><em><strong><span style="color: #a64d79; font-size: large;">)</span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></em><span style="font-size: x-small;">and </span><span style="color: #93c47d;"><strong><em>Zhangzhou dialect(漳州語</em></strong><strong><em>)</em></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">During the End of Han Dynasty, also called </span><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"><b>the Three Kingdoms Period</b></span><span style="font-size: 13px;">, there was a constant warfare taking place in Central Plain(中原) of China. The refugees of Northern China </span><span class="textblue" style="font-size: 13px;">swarm</span><span style="font-size: 13px;">ed to Fujian after the Disaster of Yongjia(永嘉之禍). Due to a large number of Han people migrated in the Fujian regions, they brought the old Han accent there. As a result, the language of the indigenous tribe Baiyue in Fujian was varied and gradually evolved into the Quanzhou dialect(泉州語), the earliest form of Minnian dialect. However, some scholar suggested that the language was extinct long before (around 700 years) the military force came. So, there might not be any connection between the Baiyueyu and the ancient Minnan . [1]</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png/300px-ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img align="middle" border="0" data-mce-src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png/300px-ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png/300px-ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="313" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Later in </span><span style="color: #741b47; font-size: large;"><b>Tang dynasty</b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, Chen Zheng (陳政) and his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光) led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. During their settlement in Zhangzhou, they introduced the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into the region. Then in the 10th century, Wang Chao(王潮) and his brother led a military expedition to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the commonly spoken Middle Chinese phonology of Northern China into Zhangzhou. The two waves of migrations brought the Northern Chinese language into the Fujian region. Hence, it gradually evolved the language into Zhangzhou dialect(漳州語).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thank for the establishment of Xiamen as the main port of trading in southeastern China, a common language had to be spoken between businessmen and peasants for easy trading. Therefore, the combination of these two dialects - Quanzhou dialect and Zhangzhou dialect were mixed rapidly and gradually it became the Amoy or Xiamen dialect.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibSwflgQXqBRsr79ywEfMXwjjqhCq6t-4pOx35nT_sfyZFPt8ETI66jbypnvQ4j7QVWCtyZGjpmsvUDtNFgAbBdAQwADRm0iwMY8_RpO_jl8Gttzfcl6NdN-pa03YF0gOFkF43LTTLIX9c/s1600/carstairsdictfinal.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img align="middle" border="0" data-mce-src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibSwflgQXqBRsr79ywEfMXwjjqhCq6t-4pOx35nT_sfyZFPt8ETI66jbypnvQ4j7QVWCtyZGjpmsvUDtNFgAbBdAQwADRm0iwMY8_RpO_jl8Gttzfcl6NdN-pa03YF0gOFkF43LTTLIX9c/s320/carstairsdictfinal.png" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibSwflgQXqBRsr79ywEfMXwjjqhCq6t-4pOx35nT_sfyZFPt8ETI66jbypnvQ4j7QVWCtyZGjpmsvUDtNFgAbBdAQwADRm0iwMY8_RpO_jl8Gttzfcl6NdN-pa03YF0gOFkF43LTTLIX9c/s320/carstairsdictfinal.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Since all these dialects are widely spoken in Min regions, and the Hakka people called Minnan people as </span><b><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;">“hok-lo”</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> in the past, for this reason, the dialect spoken by people of Minnan regions<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; width: 12px;"><a class="mceItemAnchor" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4173141473972693870" id="_GoBack" name="_GoBack" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://assets.tumblr.com/javascript/tiny_mce_3_4_7/themes/advanced/skins/default/img/items.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #007bff; line-height: 6px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-left: 12px; width: 12px;"></a></span> is named as Hokkien.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">References:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">[1] 吳坤明〈臺灣閩南語之淵源與正名〉,《臺灣學研究第五期》(2008年6月) </span><a data-mce-href="http://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/910289373634.pdf" href="http://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/910289373634.pdf" style="color: #007bff;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://www.ntl.edu.tw/p</span><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ublic/Attachment/910289373634.pdf</span></a></div>
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[2] <a data-mce-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_language#History" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_language#History" style="color: #007bff;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_language#History</a></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-72927361065494407042012-04-13T15:02:00.000+08:002012-04-13T15:05:04.600+08:00What is Hokkien?<br />
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<strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is Hokkien?</span></strong></h3>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 23px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 1px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">Hokkien is a group of dialects of </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><i><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Min Nan Chinese</span></i></b>,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">similar to Amoy and Taiwanese.</span></span><br />
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It is spoken in southern Fujian, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and by many overseas Chinese throughout Southeast Asia. </span><br />
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It belongs to ancient Han language and Min language.</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It is originated from the same dialect in southern Fujian and is mutually intelligible with the Hokkien in Taiwan.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></div>
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<strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What other names of Hokkien language?</span></strong></h3>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 23px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 1px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hokkien is <b>not</b> a term used in mainland China.</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">Instead, it is known as </span><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Minnanhua (閩南語)</i></b></span><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;"><i> </i>or Southern Min, and some would say it as </span><b><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><i>Fulaohua(福佬話)</i></span></b><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">. Also, it is named </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial;"><b><i><span style="color: #76a5af;">Quanzhou–Zhangzhou</span></i></b></span><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;"> as it comes from the two main Hokkien city centers – Quanzhou(泉州) and Zhangzhou (漳州). </span></span><br />
<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-size: 14px;">In Taiwan, the dialect is called </span><b><i><span style="color: #e06666;">Taiwanese(台語)</span></i></b><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-size: 14px;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #3c3b36; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4173141473972693870.post-29202196388730869462012-04-13T14:20:00.000+08:002012-04-26T09:17:07.565+08:00Welcome Aboard<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 1px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Hello everyone! </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #e06666; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">We are Mandy Lo, Vicky Yuen and Yuffie Yu who major in Language and Communication in the University of Hong Kong. Inspired by <a href="http://www.un.org/en/events/motherlanguageday/">UNESCO’s International Mother Language Day</a>, we are conducting a research on the Hokkien community in Hong Kong for the course LCOM3001 Cultural dimensions of language and communication.<br /><br />Here’s a brief history of Hong Kong Hokkiens. Due to political instability in China during 1930s and 1940s, a lot of Chinese immigrants came from the mainland to Hong Kong. Among them were the Hokkiens. Time flies and their grandchildren have been mostly born and raised in Hong Kong. Apparently, the community has been assimilated into the Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong family. How do they identify themselves? Do they still speak Hokkien? Interviewing one Hokkien family and few Hokkien post-80s, we are going to investigate into the language maintenance, shift and attitude of Hokkien in Hong Kong across three generations.<br /><br />We hope you all enjoy it!</span></div>Hokkien in Hong Konghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16050055045564079202noreply@blogger.com1